Bei unseren Recherchen über die Pferdefleischproduktion und Blutfarmen in Uruguay sind wir auf Feedlots gestossen. Feedlots sind Mastanlagen im Freien, in denen Rinder auf engem Raum gehalten werden, ohne Zugang zu Weideland. In Uruguay wird Rindfleisch in Feedlots fast ausschliesslich für den EU- und Schweizer Markt produziert und als sogenanntes «High Quality Beef» (HQB) exportiert. Die EU- und Schweizer Importbestimmungen für HQB schreiben vor, dass die Rinder während mindestens 100 Tagen vor der Schlachtung mit Futter, das nicht weniger als 62 bzw. 70 % Getreide enthält, gemästet werden müssen. Durch diese Fütterung erhält das Fleisch eine besondere Marmorierung. Solche Fütterungsbestimmungen sind jedoch für Wiederkäuer gesundheitsgefährdend, da ihre Verdauung auf Raufutter ausgelegt ist. Je höher der Kraftfutteranteil, desto grösser ist das Risiko für Verdauungsstörungen.
Von 2016 bis 2018 haben unsere Teams 13 verschiedene Feedlots in Uruguay besucht und zahlreiche Tierschutzprobleme festgestellt:
Die Rinder haben permanenten Zugang zu Kraftfutter und viele sind extrem übergewichtig. In den 100 – 120 Tagen im Feedlot erreichen sie eine Gewichtszunahme von 1.4 – 1.5 kg pro Tag.
Zungenrollen ist ein stereotypes Verhalten, das durch Frustration aufgrund von fehlender Beschäftigung mit Raufutter verursacht werden kann.
In manchen Feedlots sind die Pferche stark überfüllt und es fehlen Rückzugsmöglichkeiten.
Die meisten Tiere haben keinen Witterungsschutz, was zu Hitze- oder Kältestress führen kann. Nur in wenigen Feedlots gibt es Unterstände, aber deren Grösse und Anzahl reichen nicht aus.
Die Böden sind ein Gemisch aus Exkrementen und Erde. Die Tiere haben Mühe, sich im tiefen Mist fortzubewegen. Nach Regenfällen sinken sie bis zu den Knien im Schlamm ein.
Die Rinder müssen sich in den Dreck legen, um sich auszuruhen, da es keine trockenen und sauberen Liegebereiche gibt.
Viele Tiere sind stark mit Kot und Schlamm verschmutzt.
Manchmal werden sogar Kälber geboren, aber es gibt keine Infrastruktur für kalbende Rinder oder neugeborene Kälber.
Es gibt zurzeit mehr als 100 Feedlots in Uruguay. Ihre Zahl ist in den letzten Jahren stetig gewachsen, seit die EU im Jahr 2012 ein neues zollfreies Importkontingent für HQB eingeführt hat. Die Importbestimmungen der EU und der Schweiz haben negative Auswirkungen auf die Tierschutzstandards in Uruguay und in anderen Produktionsländern, wo Rinder traditionell auf Weiden gehalten werden. TSB und AWF sind der Meinung, dass Feedlot-Fleisch unter tierschutzwidrigen Bedingungen produziert wird. Wir fordern die verantwortlichen Behörden auf, nur Fleischimporte zu erlauben, welche die EU- und OIE-Tierschutzstandards erfüllen.
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